Bret Harte Essay Example for Free

Bret Harte Essay The United States has some of the best literature that has ever been written. American literature is very well refined and unique from other countries. In the writing world, American literature has not even been around that long. The past 337 years that America has been a country is relatively short compared to the thousands of years that literature has existed. The many great American writers are what make American literature able to overcome its short lifespan and be one of the greatest countries for literature in the world. From Washington Irving to Mark Twain, American authors are responsible for American literature’s current amazing state. One certain author played an especially important role in shaping a specific genre in American literature. Bret Harte is the man responsible for making the Western genre of literature popular. His stories are captivating. Bret Harte was able to contribute to the rise of American literature by shaping the Western genre so that other authors may adapt to his new style of writing, and by writing some of the most memorable stories of all time, such as â€Å"The Outcasts of Poker Flat. † Bret Harte was born in Albany, New York, on August 25, 1836. He was raised as one of his family’s four children. Harte was very ill from ages six to ten, which gave him free time for reading (Franks 829). This time for reading had a great influence on Harte, giving him blocks for him to build on in his writing career. He was especially affected by the writings of British author Charles Dickens (Franks 829). His family was so poor, that they were unable to afford for him to finish school (Franks 829). When his father died in 1845, Harte and his family moved to Brooklyn. When his mother became engaged again, he and his family moved to Oakland, where his mother was married. His family was still very poor though. These times of hardship were also very influential on his writing. He was able to understand difficult struggles, thus making the problems that his characters face in his stories more interesting. He connected with his characters in many ways when they would experience times of hardship. His time in Oakland is what made him such a great â€Å"Western† writer. It made writing about the Wild West natural for him. Harte then moved to Union, California, but was run out of town after publishing a newspaper story about local white men slaughtering Indians. Harte married Anna Griswold, and they had four children together. They lived together in San Francisco, where Harte wrote most of his popular stories and became quite famous. During the height of his popularity, he signed a contract with The Atlantic Monthly for $10,000 for 12 stories a year, the most money then offered to a U. S. writer (â€Å"Hutchinson’s†). His fame led to his stories becoming even more popular, but it would also go to his head. The main genre used in most of Harte’s stories is the â€Å"Western†. According to The New Encyclopedia Britannica, the â€Å"Western† is defined as â€Å"an original genre of novels and short stories, motion pictures, and television and radio shows that are set in the American West, usually in the period from the 1850s to the end of the nineteenth century,† (598). An average Western story was about a cowboy fighting Indians or a sheriff catching a bad guy, but Harte made his special. Of those stories, one of the most popular is â€Å"The Outcasts of Poker Flat. † This story is about a group of people who are kicked out of their town for being â€Å"bad† people. They set up camp together and attempted to work with each other to stay alive. The group experiences many setbacks, including a member betraying them, a long snowstorm, and a shortage of food. While the reader watches the story unfold, he or she starts to see that these people really are not that bad, and perhaps they did not deserve this punishment. This story is very different from the traditional Western stories. In â€Å"The Outcasts of Poker Flat,† Harte is able to make criminals seem like good guys. Usually a â€Å"Western† is about a perfect main character, who stops the bad guys; but in this story, the main characters are some of the worst people in the town. His is also different from traditional â€Å"Westerns† in the way that it does not have any guns. When most people think of a â€Å"Western,† they think of guns, but Harte was able to change that. He wrote a story with no guns at all, and it is able to focus more on the characters and their feelings, rather than action and violence. Harte goes far beyond the ordinary way of writing with this story. In the opening paragraph of â€Å"The Outcasts of Poker Flat,† Harte writes: As Mr. John Oakhurst, gambler, stepped into the main street of Poker Flat on the morning of the twenty-third of November, 1850, he was conscious of a change in its moral atmosphere since the preceding night. Two or three men, conversing earnestly together, ceased as he approached, and exchanged significant glances. There was a Sabbath lull in the air, which, in a settlement unused to Sabbath influences, looked ominous. (â€Å"The Outcasts of Poker Flat†) As is visible in this paragraph, Harte was a very descriptive writer. He was able to paint a picture in the reader’s mind and effectively set his story’s mood. The characters that Harte used in this story were very significant. As said by Abby H. P. Werlock, his characters included â€Å"the stoic gambler, the soft-hearted prostitute, the unthinking drunk, and the vigilante committee driven by personal interests and blinded by the passion of a moment† (Werlcok). All of these characters that Harte used are still seen in many Western stories today. In fact, they are quite typical in modern Western stories, but Harte was the one to come up with them. Shaping the Western genre and writing some of the most memorable stories of all time, such as â€Å"The Outcasts of Poker Flat,† was how Bret Harte was able to contribute to the rise of American literature. After Harte’s era, â€Å"Westerns† became much more popular. He forever changed American literature to be much more Western themed. Harte will always be remembered as one of the best authors of all time, and more specifically, the man who changed the way Western stories are written.

Relationship Between Goals and Objectives

Relationship Between Goals and Objectives Goals and the objectives are included as parts of the process. What a company expects to accomplish throughout the year is described by goals and objectives. These goals and objectives are essential to the company as a whole, departments, employees and customers. Once the company reach certain goals, it is typically struggle for even loftier goals. Goals and objectives pressures to get a communication in the company, so all the staffs in the company can work in synch in achieving them. Goals are realistic,specific and measureable. Business policies are usually show the ways which facilitate the ability of a company or organization to reach predetermined objectives formulated by top-level management. Business policies are the endpoints related with plans designed to reach company goals. Both policies and business objectives maybe added into plans as determined by a business organisation. The objective is the end to a plan and policy is served as a mode and manner used to reach each ob jectives. Those are the relationship between goals, objectives and policies. Referring to the case study, the Scotia Airways objective is to introduce the flight to major European tourist destinations and goals is to expand the major business centres in Eastern Europe and the Middle and Far East. In order to accomplish those goals and objectives, Scotia Airways try to change its policy which can make Scotia Airway to successfully expand and compete in a challenging market. To effective managerial performance, keep moving the Scotia Airway with this present managing system and need to be more formal and precise than the present. The main principle of Open System Theory The main principles of the open system is that many environmental changes and influences that impacted the efficiency of organisation. It means the newfound belief that all organisation are perfect in part because of the unique environment in which they operate and that they should be structured to accommodate unique problems and opportunities. All in all Open system is try to live in or struggle to the effect or sudden change of the surrounding or environment. In this case study, Scotia Airway going to expand into international Airlines from domestic markets, thus the current managing system will be changed soon and the requirements of skillful new workers who can control the international airlines and the current staffs might be fired or replaced their seats by them. This is the effect on the change of the organisation. The another example is that the government of EU and UK government relax their control over the licensing of airline provision. When the situation is changed or it comes like a huge chance or Scotia Airways, the airline decided to expand their destinations from covering eight destinations. This can be called the change according to the change of situation or environment. The main differences between the formal and informal organisation within Scotia Airways The differences between the formal organisation and informal organisation can be seen obviously. The formal organisation consists of the formally recognized and established statues of the members. The relationship between the members is more a status relationship than a personal relationship. The informal organisation consists of role rather than statuses. The relationship between the members is more a personal relationship or role relationship than the status relationship. There is authority in formal organisations hence there is super ordination ad subordination. Individuals are valuable because of their status and prestige. A leadership can be found in formal organisation hence dominance and submission can be found. The roles and esteem of individuals are valuable. Formal organisation may have long history of their own. Informal organisations are not comparatively more inflexible. It is not easy to bring change in them for example it is difficult to bring change or amendment in th e constitution. Informal organisations are more flexible. There is no rigidity there. Changes can be bought forth easily. It require only the change in attitudes of the members. Referring to the case study, Scotia Airway is planning to expand and new staffs are going to be appointed. There will be informal organisation and informal organisation during the change. If the old staff afraid to do new tasks, they are going to be left behind and all the old staffs might be in a group and will be formed as an informal group. In the other hand, the new staffs combine and together and finally a formal group will be found. Four primary stakeholders of Scotia Airways The primary stakeholders of the Scotia Airways are shareholders, suppliers, government and competitors. They do interest in and influence on the organisation. à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · Shareholders Shareholders have authority in the organisation and they interested every single action of the orginisation does because when the organisation gain a profit, the shareholders can earn moneys and verse versa they invest a lot of money into the organisation. So the shareholders need to know whethere the organisation get profit or facing with failure and get loss. à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · Suppliers For the suppliers, they also take part in a list who interested company the most. Scotia Airway use the aeroplanes provided by suppliers. They need to know whether the company still using their products planes or using the others. Although they interested in the organistation, they don’t have any authority on the organisation. à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · Government Government is placed at the top of the list which is the collection of people who interested in to theorganisation. The government do interest the company because he is the most powerful person who has authority and even he can shut down the company or to make improve. If the organization earns profits, he can collect tasks from the organistion. à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · Competitors The competitors also tracing and listening the news of one of its competitors, the Scotia Airway. They need to focusing on the Scotia Airways about its news such as promotions, services etc. They don’t have any authority to the Scotia Airways. Control Strategy After drawing up preliminary plans for the expansion, the management team of Scotia Airways is needed to track whether the desired result will be come out or not. Strategic controls help analyzing the Scotia Airways and its ability, strengths and opportunities. The four kinds of strategic controls are premise control, implementation control and special alert control. à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · Premise control It is based on an assumed premise of how things will take place in the future. It allows the Scotia Airways to inspect whether this assumption still holds true when the plans are being built as action. That may be influenced by environmental factors such as inflation, interest rates, social changes or by industry factors of competitors, suppliers and barriers. These controls can adapt the strategy accordingly when changes of premise occurred. à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · Implementation control Not to do the adjustment to the strategy, implementation control has to be used. The two basic forms of implementation control are monitoring strategic trusts and doing milestone overviews. The former can be used in order to gain market share from planning and the latter for conducting a full-scale assessment of Scotia Airways. à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · Special alert control The mechanisms are required in place to assess the position of Scotia Airways in the case of sudden events such as natural disasters. It allows to reconsider the relevancy of the plan or strategy in light of new event. Bibliography Carpenter, M., Bauer, T., Erdogan, B. (n.d.). The nature of goals and objectives. Retrieved from 1. http://www.catalog.flatworldknowledge.com/bookhub/5?e=carpenter-ch06_s01 Organisation theory. (n.d.). Retrieved from 2. http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/small/Op-Qu/Organisation-Theory.html Williams, J. (n.d.). Control Strategy. Retrieved from http://www.yourbusiness.azcentral.com/four-types-strategic-control-24352.html MULLINS, L. (2010). MANAGEMENT ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR (NINTH ed.). PEARSON.

Case Study Business Ethics Marketing Essay

Case Study Business Ethics Marketing Essay In this essay I would like to consider personal and organizational ethics and provide my own behavior concerning this issue. To begin with it should be noted that personal ethics and morality are the actual core of human behavior.  It can be said that installation of our personal ethics are the guiding for our further actions.  In this context, it is important to understand two principally different systems of personal ethical behavior.  It can be said that one of the systems can be named as system of full personal responsibility.  It includes only human personal principles and ideals and, on its basis chooses different options of human actions and thoughts.  The opposite of this system is a system of strong subordination principle.  As a rule, these systems are distributed among such religions as Islam and Judaism.  Both these systems are very comfortable and have a number of advantages.  I presume that for me, the closest is the Catholic ethical system.  However, as a fact, I have my own principles and beliefs that form my own ethics and determine my actions and words. Nevertheless, all my personal views are corrected by certain higher value system a system of values à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹of the Catholic religion. According to Sayali Bedekar Patil (2010), it should be noted that business ethics is one of the most important, but at the same time the least studied areas of modern business life.  As a fact, scope of business ethics deals with issues how certain business practice is acceptable.  For example, does the vendor have the moral right at an organized presentation of products to hide information from the client about the low standards of a product safety?  Should the accountant report inaccuracies found in the audit, knowing that in this case, that the client is likely to cease cooperation with the firm?  Should car manufacturers use expensive new parts, providing security, knowing that for this reason that car becomes too expensive for the client? Despite the legality of such situations, decisions and actions, the latter should be evaluated in terms of various indicators, not just in the scale of true-false.  Business ethics is contradictory in nature.  Without any doubts, su ch questions relate to business ethics sphere of activity. As a matter of fact, business and ethics can not be considered separately from each other.  In their daily work and activity, people (at any level) will inevitably face the need to make ethical decisions.  As a rule, ethical issues arise in the field of management, marketing, manufacturing, research, human resources, financial management, business strategists, and many others. It can be said that ethical and responsible activity contributes to the creation of new competencies, because it draws its members within the entire organization and contributes to the future-oriented/ holistic approach to leadership style and better prepares the company to both external and internal changes, crises.  Hence, business ethics creates confidence, improves reputation, and helps to maintain good relations with various groups, including, customers, partners, owners, investors and organizations, as well as banks and the media.  I am convinced that ethical and responsible activity helps to impr ove the attractiveness of the company in finding good employees, to maintain the goodwill of members and enhance the value and reliability of an enterprise, to provide a consistent and constant development of the enterprise.  As a fact, ethical and responsible activity affects not only individuals and interest groups, but also the interests and profitability of the organization.  Thus, in other words, business ethics is a way to better manage the enterprise. Many experts have different definitions of what ethics  is. To find a common ground I would like to provide some of them, which in my opinion, characterize this concept the most accurately. According to Chris MacDonald (2002), ethics is a measurement of human thought and behavior that emanates from the principles of goodness and correctness. Ethics is an attempt to define the rules that should guide human activities and life values.  Ethics defines how people should treat each other. Ethics is a set of values à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹that are positive and correct. Personally I think that all these definitions bear in themselves the answer for the question what is ethic. For me, ethics is a set of behavior rules of a person or organization that create its image and attitude to the person or organization by customers, partners, investors, media, authorities and so on. According to Chris MacDonald (2002), there are following ethical values: Honesty, integrity, promise-keeping, fidelity, fairness, caring for others, respect for others, responsible citizenship, pursuit for excellence and accountability. However, business ethics also include such concept like ethic dilemma. It should be noted that ethic dilemma is a problem of difficult choice between this or that way of behavior. Situations and conflicts that from time to time require making a decision in real life, often raises the ethical dilemma. As a fact, the two possible solutions of the ethical dilemma may involve behavior, which is not acceptable from the standpoint of morality. Ethical conflicts may occur in following cases: There is a significant conflict between different interests; Alternative solutions can be justified equally; The consequences are very important for those, who are concerned. I would like to provide two examples of business ethical dilemma, that in my opinion are of special interest. The first one: a client wishes to receive from a company any product or service, but when he heard the price, the client states that this price is unacceptable to him.  An employee of firm knows that the client can get the same service at competitors store.  Should the employee of the firm tell customer about the competitor or not? The second business ethical dilemma is following: my colleague tells me that he is going to leave the company and begin work on a new site, which is promised to him.  At the same time my boss gives me to understand that he will not give me a promotion, because he is going to give it to my colleague. Should I tell my colleague about it? Without any doubts it is hard to answer these dilemmas unequivocally. In my opinion, business ethical dilemma is always a compromise with yourself. On the one hand, everybody has own interests or interests of t he company. On the other hand, people should behave  themselves towards  others, as well as they  want  people to  behave towards  them. I think that that a person should decide for himself what is more important to him long-term image and honor or short-term benefit. In this part of the essay I would like to provide an analysis of my own work experience at Starbucks Corporation, where I used to work as barista. It should be noted that Starbucks believes and does business ethically and also strives to do the right things that are vital to the success of the company.  I presume that business ethics supports the mission of Starbucks and helps to protect its culture and reputation by providing resources to help partners make ethical decisions at work.   According to Kate McClelland (2007), Starbucks has its own program, which is aimed at comprehensive development of business ethics within  the company  and  as well as in  contact  with the external environment. The program develops and disseminates information materials, including business standards, promotes compliance and ethics training. Also Starbucks program explores sensitive issues such as potential conflicts of interest, and also provides additional channels for partners voice concerns.  Partners are required to report all types of questions or concerns to the program through their choice of communication channels.  As a rule, the majority of reports received on business ethics and compliance involve labor relations issues.  It can be said that Starbucks believes that company should conducting business ethically and always tries to improve its business ethical standards. According to Starbucks Ethical Sourcing (2011), Starbucks business ethics includes social responsibility and its component, among them are: Taking care about countries that produce coffee; Taking care about the environment; Taking care about communities; Taking care about employees. I would like to consider all these concepts more closely. As a matter of fact, taking care about countries that produce coffee is a very important ethical issue for Starbucks. It can be said that Starbucks takes serious measures to help coffee farmers improve their lives and protect the environment in which they grow coffee.  Starbucks has carefully studied many problems, which farmers are faced by today, including economic and environmental.  By taking care about countries that produce coffee Starbucks at the same time maintains a stable state of their plantations, pays attention to the protection of the environment and maintains high standards of coffee quality. Because Starbucks success depends largely on the stable supply of quality coffee, the company has taken steps to maintain the stability of coffee production with a simultaneous concern for the environment.  Starbucks also supports community projects to improve the welfare of families in coffee regions. The second element of Starbucks business ethics program is taking care about the environment. It should be noted that taking  measures to  reduce  waste  production and  processing  allow the company to  preserve  the natural  resources  and raise living standards  around the globe.  Starbucks actively  seeks out  opportunities  to minimize impacts on  the environment  and  contributes a lot of money and time to make our planet healthier. The third element is taking care about communities. As a fact, local Starbucks coffeehouses have become a central part of many neighborhoods, they serve as a place where people can gather, talk, talk, have a good time.  But Starbucks believes that by make their partners responsible neighbors and active participants in the events of those areas in which they live and work, together they can bring more benefits to local communities.  This is an important part of the business ethics and the culture à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â ‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹of the company. The forth element of Starbucks business ethics program is taking care about employees. More than 63,000 people work at Starbucks and all these people the company calls partners, who are a tool for success. And since Starbucks success depends largely on the dedication of the partners, the companys primary goal is to show them how much Starbucks appreciate and respect them, according to Tom Allen (2009). In my opinion, Starbucks has positive attitude to business ethics. However, I would like to say that even this business ethics structure needs some changes. First of all, there have to be made certain improvements in the sphere of business ethics because Starbucks is working globally and not in every country ethical principles are identical. That is why Starbucks can not permit to lose its image in the international business. Often, one of the ethical principles plays a considerable role in a customers decision whether visit Starbucks again or not. Good service and exemplary attitude of the staff in Starbucks Corporation always has to use ethical principles that will help the company to succeed. In order to provide the best service and unique products to the customers, Starbucks Corporation has to do everything possible to satisfy the customers needs. If I was a leader, I would create a plan of changes in business ethics and implementation of new approaches, I would take into consideration the analysis and evaluation of the current strategies, business ethical principles, newest technologies and innovative approaches that would have a company to succeed. As for specific steps, I propose the company to expand its presence in popular social networks and make a questionnaire survey in the coffee houses with the aim to improve its fairness and pursuit for excellence. I presume that open desire of the company to hear and take into account opinions and  suggestions of the customers concerning improving service quality will be the best way  to reflect its  business ethics  and  will have a positive impact  on  company image. I am convinced that this step will help Starbucks to gain more fans all over the world. This will show that Starbucks is taking care of people. To sum it up I would like to say that ethics is the humanity, honesty, respect, goodwill, fairness and trust.  It is not possible to provide effective management without business ethics, for the sake of success of the enterprise it is important to treat others with respect, appreciate other people and take into account what is happening in and around the enterprise.  Each organization is the part of the society and the wider environment, disregard for society and the environment can lead to a situation in which the company can no longer continue its activity.  Society and the environment can exist without any particular company, but the company without its environment and society will not survive.  It should be noted that people create the organization and the organization is created in the first place for the people.  All products and services that are produced and offered are created specifically for people and for their needs.   Without any doubts Starbucks Corporation has almost perfect business ethics standards. Although, if I would be a leader of the corporation I would propose the company to expand its presence in popular social networks and make a questionnaire survey in the coffee houses with the aim to improve such important ethical values as fairness and pursuit for excellence. I strongly believe that such step will help the company to hear and take into consideration opinions and  suggestions of the customers concerning Starbucks goods and service  quality and be the best way  to reflect its high  business ethics standards.

Universality and the Particular Essay -- Poetry Literature Authors Wri

Universality and the Particular â€Å"History,† Gilman writes, â€Å"is, or should be, the story of our racial life† (Gilman 216). Eliot is a bit less succinct, but perhaps he could be most pithily summed up as saying: â€Å"The business of the poet is not to find new emotions, but to use the ordinary ones and, in working them up into poetry, to express feelings which are not in actual emotions at all† (Eliot 1919, 23). It is not immediately evident what either author means by these statements, however, they both contain the core of the argument. Both authors have their individual aims and intents with their writings, however, in spite of the differences, their arguments find more common ground than disagreement. Their terminology is certainly different, but they see the purpose and aims of literature as by and large the same. Literature, according to Gilman, originated as the â€Å"legitimate child of oral tradition, a product of natural brain activity† (218). Implicit in this, and made explicit elsewhere, is that literature is inherently a form of communication. And, â€Å"since our very life depends on some communication,† Gilman indicates very strongly that literature, both in its ancestry and in its current incarnation, provides an extremely important role in our existence† (218). She elaborates on this notion of communication, however, and specifies that a â€Å"passionate interest in other people’s lives†¦is the most vital art† (218). To her, the expression of the â€Å"great field of human life† is the task of all literature and is crucial to the very existence of society (218). We can presume that there is some bias in her argument, as people tend to think highly of their chosen craft. The essential element, however, is Gilman’s focus on t h... ...e essentially expansionist, forcing the borders outwards to include women in literature. Eliot, on the other hand, seems to be moving inward and examining and rejecting a certain type of reader, a certain type of poet. However, both, ultimately see literature as capturing the entirety of the human existence. The mechanism for doing so in their arguments differ greatly, but the intent and the final goals are the same. Where one speaks of the human soul, the other speaks of impersonality and mean the same thing. Works Cited Eliot, T.S. â€Å"The Impersonality of Poetry.† Issues in Contemporary Critical Theory: A Casebook. Ed. Peter Barry. London: Macmillan, 1987. 23. Eliot, T.S. â€Å"Hamlet and His Problems.† Hamlet. Ed. Cyrus Hoy. New York: W.W. Norton, 1963. 180-184. Gilman, Charlotte Perkins. The Yellow Wallpaper and Other Writings. New York: Bantam, 1989.

St Francis Of Assisi :: essays research papers

Francis of Assisi lived about eight hundred years ago. He was born in the city of Assisi, Italy, in 1182. He was the son of Piero of Bernadone, who was a wealthy merchant. He received a education and seemed to follow his father's footsteps as a wealthy merchant. In 1201 he took part in an attack on Perugia, was taken hostage, and remained a captive there for a year. After his release, Francis joined the army but couldn't complete his time because he got sick. This period of time would change his life forever. During his sickness, Francis would spend hours meditating on the Lord in an old church, and he felt God drawing near to him. Some people come to Jesus with a memorable experience, but others come to Christ through a process. Francis' conversion wasn't an overnight experience, but it was definitely real. Francis was famous for his love of all creation. He called for simplicity of life, poverty, and humility before God. He worked to care for the poor. Thousands were drawn to his sincerity, piety, and joy. In all his actions, Francis sought to follow fully and literally the way of life demonstrated by Christ in the Gospels. He died in 1226, at the age of 44. Dorothy Day, founder of the Catholic Worker movement, was born in Brooklyn, New York, November 8, 1897. After surviving the San Francisco earthquake in 1906, the Day family moved into a house in Chicago. It was a big step down in the world because John Day was out of work. Day's understanding of the shame people feel when they fail in their efforts dated from this time. Day lived long enough to see her achievements honored. In 1967, when she made her last visit to Rome to take part in the Congress of the Laity, she found she was one of two Americans invited to receive Communion from the hands of Pope Paul VI.

Drug and Crime Prevention Essay

The purpose of the Final Project is for you to demonstrate your understanding of crime prevention programs and the role crime prevention plays in the overall criminal justice system. You may select a crime prevention program that addresses law enforcement, the courts, or corrections; or it may be a comprehensive program that addresses all three. The program may address the adult justice system, juvenile justice systems, or both. For the purposes of this assignment assume, you are preparing a proposal to a city, county, or state governmental body to recommend the implementation of a crime prevention program within their jurisdiction. You need to demonstrate the value of the crime prevention program and its effectiveness in reducing crime thus reducing the overall costs to the jurisdiction or building value that improves the effectiveness of crime prevention to the community justifying the additional expenditures. Your proposal will include: 1. A summary of the jurisdiction (i.e., city, county, or state) and the portion of the criminal justice System your proposal is designed to address. 2. An analysis of the current trends from three comparable cities in population size, utilizing the SARA Model and the Crime Analysis Triangle. (Note: Crime Analysis for Problem Solvers in 60 Small Steps , Steps 7 and 8). You will compare the data from three comparable jurisdictions and compare it to national data. 3. A determination of the appropriate crime prevention strategy for the jurisdiction based on this analysis. 4. A review of academic literature and studies on the various crime prevention programs to address the needs of the community. How does the crime prevention program address social justice issues†¦ To download this material Click this link – https://bitly.com/1wyPezy There is no one to clean up after you and cook healthy meals at college. Some indulgences are okay, but still maintain a nutritious diet, get proper sleep, and take care of yourself and your possessions. Take care of yourself well, study appropriately, attend all your classes and follow a regular schedule. You can get ill from being too stressed or not eating healthy enough.

Entrance Test: Faculty of Health Sciences Essay

Date and venue of the test centres have been indicated on the Admit Card. Applicants should indicate one centre of their choice in the space provided in the Application Form. In case the Admit Card does not reach you on time, you are advised to take the Test at a convenient Centre bringing a photocopy of the application form and photo ID with you for identification. The University has not authorized any publications or any preparatory classes for this Test. Structure of the Test The total duration of the admission test would be 2 hours and 30 minutes All questions carry equal marks, there is no negative marking. The test paper is divided into various sections comprising multiple choice questions. Distribution of the questions in various sections is as follows: Section I This section comprises two components which aim to test competency in the English language: Component 1: 30 multiple choice questions to test structure, cohesion and vocabulary. Component 2: a summative paragraph from notes which will be provided. The time given to complete Section I will be 1 hour and 15 minutes. There will be no negative marking for this section. Section II II A. This section will comprise 20 multiple choice questions in Biological Sciences The time given to complete this section is 30 minutes. II B. This section will also comprise 20 multiple choice questions in Mathematics. Candidates will be given 30 minutes to complete this section. II C. This section will also include 10 multiple choice questions to ascertain their Logical reasoning skills. The time given to complete this section is 15 minutes. hP D in Health Scienc se 2010 The Aga Khan University Medical College Faculty of Health Sciences Answering MCQs The candidates are expected to attempt all questions, selecting the correct answer by darkening the corresponding box in the given answer sheet, e. g. if D is the correct answer for a question, your answer should be marked as under: A B C D Please Note: – Use a dark pencil to make dark marks – To change an answer, erase completely Discipline The University expects honesty from applicants. Dishonest behaviour during the Test or violation of instructions given by the examiner will result in irrevocable disqualification of the applicant from entering the selection process. SECTION I English  Component I: Structure, Cohesion and Vocabulary Directions: Each passage below has ten numbered gaps, each gap indicating that something has been omitted. Read the entire text carefully and then look at the possible answers A, B, C or D below to complete the gap. Choose the option for each gap that best fits the meaning of the sentence or passage as a whole. Example Imagine that you have arrived at a leading Asian university to take part in a study of learning and memory. You go into a room †¦. 1†¦. thirty year-old biology lecturer, the experimenter, whose demeanour is rather stern. The other person in the room is also there to take part in the experiment. He is a rotund forty-five year old accountant who is mild mannered and likeable. The experimenter †¦. 2†¦. the effects of punishment on learning. It is decided, apparently by drawing lots, that the accountant will be the learner and you will be the teacher. You all go into an adjacent room where the learner is strapped into an â€Å"electric chair† apparatus and an electrode†¦.. 3†¦. wrist. You are told that the electrode is connected to a nearby shock generator unit. 1. A. and you met a B. and are met by a  C. where you stand next to D. where stands 2. A. is less likeable but serious in terms of B. has been discovered through C. says that he is interested to study D. tells you that he is interested in studying 3. A. is attached to his B. attaches tightly on his C. is attached by virtue of the D. can be attached through the Answers: 1. B 2. D 3. A Component II: Writing Claim: Observation of glaciers suggests a pattern of global warming during the last 150 years. 1. During the most recent Ice Age, about 18,000 years ago, glaciers buried nearly a third of the world’s land area. 2. Glaciers form when more snow falls in the winter than melts during the following summer: when glacier ice reaches a critical thickness of at least 60 feet, it becomes plastic and begins to move downhill, propelled by its own weight and the forces of gravity. 3. Because of the way they form and evolve, glaciers are extremely sensitive to, and representative of, world climate changes. 4. In 1850, Glacier National Park in the USA had 150 glaciers; in 2002 there were 26. 5. Between 1500 and 1850, temperatures dropped globally in a phenomenon known as the Little Ice Age. 6. The Gangotri Glacier in the Himalayas, which forms a mass of ice 18 miles long, has been retreating since measurements began in 1842. The rate of retreat was around 62 feet per year between 1935 and 1971: it has now doubled. 7. Cold melt water from glaciers helps maintain stream flows in the Indus river system in late summer, when rains are scarce and winter snows have melted. 8. The Gangotri ends in a â€Å"snout†, an ice cave which is the source of the Bhagirathi River where millions of pilgrims yearly swim in the freezing waters to cleanse themselves of sin. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ POSSIBLE ANSWER: Observation of glaciers suggests a pattern of global warming during the last 150 years. Since glaciers are useful indicators of any changes that have been taking place in the world’s climate, studying the increase or decrease in the number and size of the world’s glaciers over the last 150 years should give us a clear idea about what has been happening to temperatures in the world over this same period. Two facts related to glaciers provide evidence that temperatures across the globe have become warmer. Directions: Using only the relevant information from the facts supplied below, write a one paragraph  argument for the following claim. Firstly, in 1850, there were 150 glaciers in Glacier National Park in the USA but by 2002 this number had decreased to only 26. Secondly, from the time that measurements began in 1842, the Gangotri Glacier in the Himalayas has been retreating. From 1935 to 1971, the rate was 62 feet per year, but from 1971 to the present day, the rate of retreat has doubled. These observations strongly indicate that the world has been undergoing a period of global warming over the last 150 years. SECTIONII A. Biological Sciences Example 1 Questions: Decrease in the rate of diffusion of a substance across  the plasma membrane will occur due to increase in A. its concentration gradient B. surface area of membrane C. membrane thickness D. temperature A B C D Example 2 Repolarisation of a nerve action potential is du e to A. Na+/K+ ATPase pump B. increased permeability to Na+ C. increased efflux of K+ D. opening of Ca++-channels A B C D Example 3 The synthesis of a protein chain from an RNA molecule occurs through the process of: A. cell cycle B. replication C. translation D. semi-conservative replication A B C D Example 4 Based on the amount of genetic material that they contain, sex cells are said to be: A. diploid B. autosomal  C. haploid D. X-linked A B C D B. Mathematics Example 1 If x2 + y2 = 18 and xy = 4 then (x+y)2 = A. 28 B. 26 C. 24 D . 22 A B C D E xample 2 Seema is 15 years older than Kiran. In 10 years, Seema will be twice an old as Kiran. How old is A. 5 B. 20 C. 25 D. 30 A B C D E xample 3 If y is not 0 or 1, what is the reciprocal of 1/(y-1/y) A. y/y2+1 B. y/y2-1 C. y2-1 D. y2-1/y A B C D C. Logical Reasoning E xample 1 Direction: Each passage in the section is followed by question based on its content. After reading a passage, choose the best answer to each question. Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is  stated implied in that passage. Student at the College of Natural Science must complete a total of twelve courses selected from three different general area – humanities, natural science, and social science – in order to graduate. The student must meet the following course distribution requirement: I). Atleast six of the required twelve courses must be from natural sciences II). Atleast five of the required twelve courses must be from humanities and social science, with at least one, but no more than three, selected from humanities. Questions: If students have completed six natural science  courses, all the following are possible groups of courses that fulfill the course distribution requirement EXCEPT: A. three humanities courses and three social science courses B. two humanities course and four social science courses C. one humanities course, one natural science course, and four social science courses D. one humanities course, two natural science courses, and three social sciences courses A B C D 12. required in order to fulfill the courses distribution A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 A B C D 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Seema now? 10. 11. The minimum number of social science courses requirement is: